《C 语言程序设计》 教材中涉及到的常用词汇荟萃
墨初 知识笔记 71阅读
序号 主要章节 常用英汉对照词汇 lass=' MsoNormal ' style=' margin : 0；文本对齐：居中；MSO-边际-顶-alt :自动；MSO-毛利-底部-alt:自动；MSO-分页：寡妇-孤儿备注 1 运算符与表达式 （ operator and expression ）
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英语
C is a general-purpose programming language .The language , however , is not tied to any one operating system or machine ; and although it has been called a “system programming language “ because it is useful for writing compilers and operating systems , it has been used equally well to write major programs in many different domains .
C provides the fundamental control –flow constructions required for well-structured programs: statement grouping , decision making (if –else ), selecting one of a of possible cases (switch),looping with the termination test at the top (while ,for ) or at the bottom (do), and early loop exit (break).
常量
constant
变量
variable
标识符
identify
关键字
keywords
符号
sign
运算符
operator
语句
statement
语法
syntax
表达式
Expression
初始化
Initialization
数据格式
number format
说明
Declaration
类型转换
type conversion
定义
Define 、 definition
2
条件语句
（ condition
statement)
选择
select
if-else statement (The if-else statement is used to express decisions . Formally, the syntax is if(expression ) statement1 else statement2 where the else part is optional .
The switch statement is a multi-way decision that tests whether an expression matches one of a number of constant integer values , and branches accordingly .
switch (expression ) { case const-expr : statements case const-expr : statements default : statements }
表达式
expression
逻辑表达式
logical expression
关系表达式
Relational expression
优先
priority
运算
operation
结构
structure
3
循环语句
(circle statement)
循环
circle
for (expr1 ; expr2 ;expr3 )
statement is equivalent to expr 1;
while (expr2 ) { statement expr3 ; }
As we discussed in Chapter 1, the while and for loops test the termination condition at the top . By contrast , the third loop in C , the do-while ,tests at the bottom after making each pass through the loop body ; the body is always executed at least once .
The syntax of the do is
do statement
while (expression );
条件
condition
变量
variant
过程
process
优先
priority
运算
operation
4
函数
(function)
调用
call
Functions and Program Structure
Functions break large computing tasks into smaller ones , and enable people to build on what others have done instead of starting over from scratch .
返回值
return value
函数
function
声明
declare
参数
parameter
静态的
static
外部的
extern
5
数组和指针
(array and
pointer)
数组
array
Pointers and Arrays
A pointer is a variable that contains the address of a variable . Pointers are much used in C , partly because they are sometimes the only way to express a computation , and partly because they usually lead to more compact and efficient code than can be obtained in other ways . Pointers and arrays are closely related , this chapter also explores this relationship and shows how to exploit it .
引用
reference
元素
element
地址
address
排序
sort
字符
character
字符串
string
应用
application
指针
pointer
参数
argument
数组
array
声明
declaration
表示
represent
处理
manipulate
6
结构体、
共用体
(structures 、 union ）
结构
structure
Structures
A structure is a collection of one or more variables , possibly of different types , grouped together under a singe name for convenient handling . (Structures are called “records” in some languages , notably Pascal . ) Structures help to organize complicated data , particularly in large programs , because they permit a group of related variables to be treated as a unit instead of as separate entities .
成员
member
标记
tag
函数
function
枚举
enumerate
联合 ( 共用体 )
union
创建
create
插入
insert
删除
delete
修改
modify
7
文件
（ file)
文件
file
打开
open
关闭
close
读
read
写
write
错误
error